Thermogravimetric analysis is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction).
The technique is widely used in research and development to characterize the thermal properties of polymers, composites, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, minerals, and other materials. It is particularly valuable in assessing the stability and degradation pathways of materials under different environmental conditions, thereby informing the design and optimization of products and processes.